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Please find a number of research reports and documents pertaining to this topic area below. If you know of another report or document you think should be housed in our research library please contact the BGK LLEN.
Title: Which paths work for which young people?
Authors: Tom Karmel and Shu-Hui Liu
Source: LSAY Publications
Release Date: 2011
Description: In this paper, the authors identify various educational paths involving school and post-school study and assess the effectiveness of these in relation to post-school outcomes at age 25 years. They use the 1995 cohort of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth and find that, for males, undertaking an apprenticeship after completing senior secondary and university are attractive paths. For females, the best path is that of university study, even for those with low academic orientation.
Report download: Which paths work for which young people?
Title: Young people in an economic downturn
Author: Alison Anlezark
Source: LSAY Publications
Description: This briefing paper considers how young people fared in previous downturns, and discusses how structural labour market changes over the past 20 years have affected the three million young Australians aged between 15 and 24 in the first 12 months of the most recent economic downturn. It also looks at the qualitative evidence from respondents in the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) on how they perceived the economic downturn to have affected their work and study intentions in 2009, and explores the themes arising.
Report download: Young people in an economic downturn
Title: "betwixt and between" – A report on ARACY's Middle Years Project
Author: Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (ARACY)
Release Date: 2011
Description: ARACY has identified early adolescence as a critical developmental stage when major physiological, neurological, psychological, and social changes exert a potent influence on children's long term developmental prospects. The enormity and intensity of changes occurring at this time heighten the developmental vulnerability of young adolescents and the developmental risks to which they may be exposed. Despite a mounting body of evidence on the importance of this period of development, public policies and practices tend to focus on earlier or later developmental periods such that "the middle years" appear to be largely overlooked. ARACY's Middle Years Project aims to achieve a more comprehensive and coordinated "holistic" response to the developmental needs of children as they transition into and through the early adolescent years, with a particular focus on children's social and emotional development.
Report download: "betwixt and between" – A report on ARACY's Middle Years Project
Title: Deferring a University Offer in Regional Victoria – the 2006 Year 12 graduates four years out
Author: John Polesel, Clare O'Hanlon and Kira Clarke
Release Date: 2011
Description: This report documents the key findings of a survey designed to capture the transition experiences of regional school completers from 2006 Year 12 school year who had deferred a place at university.
Report download: Deferring a University Offer in Regional Victoria – the 2006 Year 12 graduates four years out
Title: The role of VET in preventing the scarring effects of youth joblessness
Author: Hiekle Buddelmeyer and Nicholas Herault
Source: National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)
Release Date: 2010
Description: Youth unemployment, particularly long-term unemployment, is always a concern given the economic and social ramifications that it brings. Using data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth, this report looks at the extent to which a previous spell of unemployment determines current unemployment. If unemployment can be attributed to an earlier period of unemployment, we describe that earlier spell as having a 'scarring effect'. The report also examines the extent to which post-school educational qualifications can reduce the scarring effect of unemployment. Scarring does occur but its effect quickly diminishes over time. Post-school qualifications are found to help reduce this effect.
Report download: The role of VET in preventing the scarring effects of youth joblessness
Title: Attitudes, intentions and participation in education - Year 12 and beyond
Author: Kylie Hillman
Source: Longitudinal Studies of Australian Youth (LSAY)
Release Date: 2010
Description: This briefing paper draws on findings from several LSAY Research Reports which report on how student attitudes and engagement in the formative school years influence subsequent participation in post-compulsory education and training. Data is used from two LSAY cohorts: students who were in Year 9 in 1995, and students who were in Year 9 in 1998. Attitudes to school in the LSAY program are based on student responses to a set of 30 items, and intentions to further study are recorded in Year 9.
Report link: Attitudes, intentions and participation in education - Year 12 and beyond
Title: Home-to-School Transitions for Financially Disadvantaged Children
Author: Diana Smart et.al
Source: The Smith Family
Release Date: 2008
Description: This report seeks to identify the factors that facilitate or impede the school transitions of Australian children from financially disadvantaged families.
Report download: Home-to-School Transitions for Financially Disadvantaged Children
Title: Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) Report 54: School Non-Completers - Profiles and Initial Destinations
Authors: David D. Curtis and Julie McMillan
Source: Australian Council for Educational research (ACER)
Release Date: 2008
Description: This study examines non-completion of Year 12 at school for a nationally representative sample of young people who were 15 years old and still attending school in 2003. The study explores relationships between non-completion and selected socio-demographic and school-related factors, and changes in rates of school non-completion from the early 1980s to 2005. There is a particular emphasis on how socio-demographic and school-related factors over that period have influenced early school leaving. This study also examines the use of an alternative measure of 'school completion', which incorporates participation in a vocational education and training program after leaving school.
Report Link: LSAY Report 54: School Non-Completers - Profiles and Initial Destinations
Title: new Transitions - The Re-engagement Edition
Author: Various - Youth Affairs Network Queensland
Source: Youth Affairs Network Queensland
Release Date: 2008
Description: In January 2008 the Youth Affairs Network of Queensland (YANQ) put out a call for papers under the topic, 'From Disengaged to Re-engaged - Young People's Right to Education and Training'. Simultaneously YANQ also invited young people to submit their ideas via the 'Re-engage This!' multimedia competition. The outcome of these initiatives is this special, public edition of 'new Transitions'. This edition of new Transitions - the Re-engagement edition - features some excellent writing and art from an eclectic group of people in the youth sector - youth workers, young people, academics and program coordinators. The papers range from workers opinions based on years of practice to detailed discussion of programs that are working today to maintain or re-engage young people in education.
Report Link: new Transitions - The Re-engagement Edition
Title: Life chances at 16 - Life Chances Study stage 8
Author: Janet Taylor and Lucy and Nelms
Source: Brotherhood of St Laurence
Release Date: 2008
Description:Stage 8 of the longitudinal Life Chances Study explored the situations of 125 young Australians (75 girls and 50 boys) from diverse backgrounds, their current engagement with school and work and their future plans at the age of 16. The survey responses confirmed the continuity and layering of disadvantage: for example, 16 year olds from low-income families with parents with limited education are more likely than their affluent peers to leave school early and less likely to plan university careers. The findings also showed diversity within socioeconomic groups, and posed the challenge of providing effective teaching and transition supports for all young people.
Report Download: Life chances at 16 - Life Chances Study stage 8
Media article link: Teens' path to adulthood split by wealth
Title: It's Crunch Time: Raising youth engagement and attainment
Author: AIG and DSF
Source: Dusseldorp Skills Forum
Release Date: 2007
Description:The Australian Industry Group (AIG) and Dusseldorp Skills Forum (DSF) believe that Australia has an unprecedented opportunity to make a major assault to improve levels of engagement and attainment for young Australians. A unique combination of factors - strong economic conditions and growth, Australia's continuing need for a skilled workforce, and the forecast demographic squeeze facing the nation - mean it is now crunch time to open the doors to greater youth engagement in learning. Young Australians without basic educational attainments will not be adequately equiped to cope with the demands being made of them either in the workplace or in the wider society. This report argues that many of the building blocks are already in place, but we need to do things differently, not just create more pathways and more programs. Ten main reform areas are suggested, along with suggested actions for each of these areas. The paper also highlights the potential role that industry can play, as well as demand-side intermediaries like Group Training organisations.
Report Link: It's Crunch Time
Title: Skill acquisition and use across the life course: Current trends and future prospects
Author: Bill Martin
Source: NCVER
Release Date: 2007
Description: People's life pathways are no longer as predictable as they were in the second half of the 20th century. It is no longer as simple as moving from school to work, probably via tertiary education, to living independently, then getting married and starting a family. Changes in how people combine education with life-course transitions will influence when and how people make their skills available to the labour market throughout their lives. The report examines the extent to which people's life-course trajectories are changing and the consequences for the VET sector. The report finds that the VET sector is significantly more affected by changing life-course patterns than are universities.
Report Download: Skill acquisition and use across the life course
Title:The socio-economic status of vocational education and training students in Australia
Author: Paul Foley
Source: NCVER
Release Date: 2007
Description:This report examines the relationship between socio-economic status and participation in the vocational education and training (VET) sector. Research indicates that students from low socio-economic status areas are over-represented in the VET sector; it also shows that VET students from these areas complete qualifications at a better-than-average rate.
Report Download: The socio-economic status of VET students in Australia
Title: Vocational Education and training and young people: Last but not least
Author: Dr Tom Karmel
Source: NCVER
Release Date: 2007
Description: Vocational education and training (VET) is much more important to young people than might be immediately apparent. This paper focuses on how young people participate in vocational education and training, what they study and their outcomes. Of particular note is the importance of VET for those young people who do not proceed on the academic path of 12 years of school followed by university.
Report Download: Vocational Education and training and young people: Last but not least
Title: What is a Skills Shortage?
Author: Sue Richardson
Source: NCVER
Release Date: 2007
Description: This report aims to clarify the term 'skill shortage' and to explain how skill shortages can be resolved naturally by market forces. It also provides some guidance on determining when a skill shortage requires public-policy intervention.
Report Download: What is a Skills Shortage?
Report: Stepping Stones or Traps? School-to-work transitions
Author: OECD and the Institute for the Study of Labour, Bonn
Source: OECD
Date: 2007
Description: The paper examines how OECD countries compare with respect to school-to-work transitions and analyses the extent to which the situation of youth in the labour market has changed over the past decade using a wide range of indicators. In relation to Australia the paper highlights several weaknesses of the Australian Mutual Obligation Programs due to the "lack of focus on employment outcomes and on the limited involvement of private sector employers in the mutual obligation options". The report also presents new evidence on i) the length of transitions from school to work; and ii) the degree to which temporary jobs serve as either traps for young people or stepping-stones to good careers.
Report Download: Stepping Stones or Traps? School-to-work transitions
Title: Good Transitions - through the eyes of Primary and Secondary Principals
Author: Prof. Tony Vinson
Release Date: 2006
Description: Delivered at he 'Cornerstone Conference' in Sydney in 2006, this paper examines the issue of primary to secondary school transitions. Using primary data collected from almost 500 school principles, the author advances discussion about ways of helping young people to make a good beginning to secondary schooling. The paper examines 20 transition strategies, which are broadly adapted from the five 'transition bridges' identified by overseas researchers.
Report Download: Good Transitions - through the eyes of Primary and Secondary Principals
Title: A Positive Influence: Equipping parents to support young people's career transitions
Author: Lois Bedson and Daniel Perkins
Source: Brotherhood of St Laurence
Date: 2006
Description: This is the final evaluation of PACTS (Parents As Career Transition Supports), an innovative Brotherhood pilot project that aims to empower parents to better support their children's transitions from school to work and/or further education by building their knowledge of post-school pathways and the contemporary job market. The study found clear benefits to parents, including providing relevant information and skills, addressing their concerns and fostering communication with children about transitions, but also noted that the recruitment of parents to the program was resource-intensive.
Report Download: A Positive Influence.pdf
Report: Non-apprenticeship VET Courses - Participation, persistence and subsequent pathways
Author: Julie McMillan, Sheldon Rothman and Nicole Wernert
Source: Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER)
Date: 2005
Description: This report argues that the non-apprenticeship VET sector provides a successful pathway from school to further education and training for young Australians from all socioeconomic backgrounds. The report shows that one in five young people had entered a non-apprenticeship VET course by age 19. By the age of 20, approximately 60% had completed their course and 14% were still studying towards it. This ACER study was based on the experience of over 6,800 young people who were in Year 9 in 1995 and examined their non-apprenticeship VTE participation after leaving school and their education and labour market outcomes up to 2001, when they were approximately 20 years of age.
Report Download: Non-apprenticeship VET Courses
Report: Getting it Right: Responding to what employers and apprentices have to say
Author: Phil Toner
Source: Dusseldorp Skills Forum
Date: 2005
Description: This report was commissioned by the Ai Group, Group Training Australia and the Dusseldorp Skills Forum, with the objective of identifying what motivates employers and young people choosing trade apprenticeships. The report provides important insight into what is actually happening in the traditional trade apprenticeships. While it confirms that the uptake in traditional apprenticeships is booming, it has signalled business and government should not be complacent. The report also provides insight into the policy issues to be addressed if we are to ensure an adequate supply of skills over the medium term.
Report Download: Getting it Right: Responding to what employers and apprentices have to say
Report: Post School Plans: Aspirations, expectations and implementation
Author: Adrian Beavis, Martin Murphy, Jennifer Bryce and Matthew Corrigan
Source: VOCED
Date: 2004
Description: This report investigates the relationship between post-school plans, family background and having a lifelong learning orientation. It highlights the important role of vocational education and training such as TAFE as an alternative for students with no plans to study at university. Data was drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Youth (LSAY) and the OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA).
Report Download: Post School Plans: Aspirations, expectations and implementation
Report: School to Adult Life Transitions: A select review of the literature
Author: Ciara Smyth, Gianni Zappalà and Gillian Considine
Source: The Smith Family
Date: 2002
Description:This paper presents a select review of the literature on school to adult life transitions through work and study. This review was conducted to inform and provide a context for a three-year longitudinal project being conducted by The Smith Family (TSF) and ACIRRT, University of Sydney on the school to work transitions of students in TSF's Learning for Life program.
Report Download: School to Adult Life Transitions
Report: The University - VET Transition
Author: Barry Golding and Kevin Vallence
Source: UTS Research Centre for Vocational Education And Training
Date: 2002
Description: Movement (articulation) from the university sector to the vocational education and training (VET) sector in Australia was virtually unknown until studies by Golding beginning in 1993. This paper begins by identifying factors which led to discovery of the phenomenon and its prevalence as well as to the development of a two-way model of movement to explain it.
Report Download: The University - VET Transition
Report: Footprints to the Future
Author: Prime Minister's Youth Pathways Action Plan Taskforce
Source: Department of Education Science and Training (DEST) now DEEWR
Date: 2001
Description: This report looks at ways to improve the support provided to young people during their transition to independence, and to strengthen pathways for young people who do not, or are not likely to, go straight from school to further education and training or full-time employment.
Report Download: Footprints to the Future
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